This study examined the effect of ethnic discrimination on Nigerians’ sense of national identification relative to ethnic identification. The regression results revealed that the experience of discrimination prompts Nigerians to prioritize their ethnic identity over their national identity. The regressions also showed that the negative effect of discrimination on national identification is larger than its positive effect on ethnic identification. These findings are robust to different operationalizations of discrimination and to the use of individual survey data covering 34 African countries. Among the Nigerian population, Igbo ethnicity increased the likelihood of individuals prioritizing their ethnic identity over their national identity, while Yoruba and Hausa/Fulani ethnicities had the opposite effect.